Seismic data showed a slight increase in the intensity of the explosions. According to the Washington VAAC, a pilot observed an ash plume from Sangay on 22 March that rose to an altitude of 8.2 km (27,000 ft) a.s.l. | April Incandescent material was observed rolling down the SE flank during 26-27 December. Cayambe, which has a permanent snow cap, is a Holocene compound volcano which last erupted in March 1786. Johnson J B, Aster R C, Ruiz M C, Malone S D, McChesney P J, Lees J M, Kyle P R, 2003. Seismicity was characterized by daily explosions, long-period earthquakes, and signals indicating emissions. Confirmed Eruption Ash plumes drifted to a maximum distance of 20 km from the summit. An explosion at 0420 on 20 September was the largest such event in the recent months. and drifted in multiple directions. Meteorological clouds prevented satellite views of the area. Weather clouds and rain sometimes prevented visual observations of the volcano, especially during 8-9 May. Activity during April-June 2021. Information is provided by Ecuador's Instituto Geofsico, Escuela Politcnica Nacional (IG-EPN), and a number of sources of remote data including the Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), the Italian MIROVA Volcano HotSpot Detection System, and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. On 17 May steam-and-ash emissions rose 500 m above the summit and drifted SW. On 18 May an ash plume rose 1.7 km and drifted N and SW. At 2000 on 20 May ash plumes rose 2 km above the summit and drifted to the SW. Gas emission data could also not be obtained due to the amount of airborne ash. The Sangay volcano (also known as Macas, Sanagay, or Sangai) is located in central Ecuador within Sangay National Park. Lahar signals were recorded on 2, 11-13, 16-20, 23, and 26 August. Ash emission continued throughout the rest of the month with another increase in explosions on the 27th, producing observed ash plume heights reaching 1.5 km above the crater. | April The plumes rose as high as 1.5 km above the volcano and drifted in multiple directions. Seismicity was characterized by high levels of explosions, harmonic tremor, long-period earthquakes, and signals indicating emissions. Ashfall was reported in areas to the NW, in the provinces of Chimborazo and Bolivar. Northeast of Cuenca and 136 mi. Incandescent blocks were reported in the ravine several times during the month. and drifted W. Based on satellite images and information from the Guayaquil MWO, the Washington VAAC reported that on 20 July an ash plume from Sangay rose to an altitude of 8.2 km (27,000 ft) a.s.l. During the early morning of 4 February minor ashfall was reported in Cebadas (35 km NW) and Palmira (45 km W). The current eruption began in March 2019 and has continued into 2021. It is the third highest mountain in Ecuador. On 21 June a lahar was observed, in addition to a gas-and-ash plume that rose 1 km above the crater that drifted W. A volcano-tectonic earthquake was also detected that day, along with 97 LP-type events and 83 emission tremor-type events. An ash plume extending 10 km N from the summit on 25 August coincided with the appearance of a vivid hot spot, according to the Washington VAAC. Sangay is an active stratovolcano in central Ecuador. The following day an ash plume was observed at 7.6 km altitude centered about 15 km NW of the summit. Information Contacts: Minard Hall, Escuela Politcnica Nacional, Quito. Ash was not identified in satellite imagery, but a diffuse steam-and-gas plume was seen before weather clouds moved into the area. 2A-B). of Hawai'i, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA (URL: http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/); Global Sulfur Dioxide Monitoring Page, Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), 8800 Greenbelt Road, Goddard, Maryland, USA (URL: https://so2.gsfc.nasa.gov/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Planet Labs, Inc. (URL: https://www.planet.com/); Sentinel Hub Playground (URL: https://www.sentinel-hub.com/explore/sentinel-playground); BBC News In pictures: Ash covers Ecuador farming land Published 22 September 2020 (URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-54247797). | September During April, there were 1-66 daily explosions. High-level ash emissions continued during 25-27 May 2021, although no ashfall was reported. IG reported a high level of activity at Sangay during 1-7 April. Much explosive activity. The daily count of explosions ranged from 7-72, though the daily seismic data transmission was sometimes interrupted. of Hawai'i, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA (URL: http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/). Based on information from pilots and the Guayaquil MWO, an ash plume from Sangay was reported drifting S and SE on 23 January. According to the MODVOLC Thermal Alerts system, there were 375 hotspots detected during the reporting period: 81 in January, 61 in February, 72 in March, 21 in April, 56 in May, 35 in June, 27 in July, and 22 in August. According to the Washington VAAC, a pilot observed an ash plume from Sangay that rose to an altitude of 8.2 km. Max VEI: 3. It is not presently active. The Ecuadorian Red Cross reported ash from Sangay in the provinces of Caar and Azuay (60-100 km SW) on 25 February. During that time, mountain guides near the volcano observed the fall of incandescent rocks down the volcano's flanks at night and a recent deposit of ash that was sufficiently deep to affect birds, rabbits, and other small animals. Later in the day on 10 October emissions were reported at 5.8 km drifting W. A substantial thermal anomaly and a constant plume of diffuse ash appeared in satellite imagery on 14 October at 6.1 km altitude drifting 15 km W. Diffuse emissions on 26 October appeared 35 km NW of the summit at 5.8 km altitude. Thermal satellite data showed that a new lava flow had emerged on the upper N flank by 2 December. J. Volcanol. Thermal anomalies over the volcano were often visible in satellite data. Satellite images from 13 October indicated continued slow growth of the ravine on the SE flank. The steep-sided, glacier-covered, dominantly andesitic volcano grew within the open calderas of two previous edifices which were destroyed by collapse to the east, producing large debris avalanches that reached the . Ash plumes were seen in webcam images and reported by the Washington VAAC almost daily. The lava flows descended the SE flank about 900 m (figure 19). Ash was not detected in partly-cloudy satellite imagery. On 20 September, a possible ash plume could be seen in GOES-16 imagery extending about 150 km W from the summit at 6.1 km altitude. Weather clouds often prevented visual observations of the volcano, but the Washington VAAC and IG webcams recorded daily ash plumes that rose 600-1,500 m above the summit and drifted NW, W, and S. Lahars were periodically generated by heavy rains. IG reported a high level of activity at Sangay during 2-7 February, and seismicity was characterized by daily explosions, long-period earthquakes, and signals indicating emissions. Incandescence at the summit and from a new lava flow on the SE flank was visible during 18-19 October; incandescence from lava-flow activity continued to be periodically visible the rest of the week. During 13-15 March gas-and-ash plumes rose as high has 2 km above the summit and drifted NE. Even though the eruption plume drifted notably farther than average distances recorded during 2019-2022, only minor ashfall was reported in Chauzn San Alfonso (40 km W, in Guamote canton, Chimborazo province). The Washington VAAC released one to five ash advisories most days, noting plume heights of 570-3,000 m above the crater; prevailing winds dispersed most plumes to the W, with some plumes drifting NW, N, E to SE, and SW. Ashfall was reported in Alaus (Chimborazo Province) on the 1st and in Chunchi canton on the 10th. According to the Washington VAAC, ash emissions rose 570-1,170 m above the summit crater and drifted in different directions. Sulfur dioxide measurements ranged from 17 tons/day to 1,730 tons/day. Then, alerts were absent until 11 January 2011 (table 8). A new vent was possibly identified on the upper W flank. A large explosion on 11 March initially rose to 12.5 km altitude and spread out 45 km in all directions with additional ash extending 100 km W. A little over an hour later it was still expanding in all directions and moving mostly W at 13.7 km altitude about 100 km from the summit. An explosion and crater incandescence were visible on 30 March and an accompanying ash plume rose as high as 870 m and drifted W and SW (figure 133). Intermittent ash emissions and thermal anomalies, January 2015-July 2017. and drifted 22 km SW. Based on satellite images and wind data, the Washington VAAC reported that during 25-27 and 30-31 May ash plumes from Sangay rose to altitudes of 5.8-6.7 km (19,000-22,000 ft) a.s.l. Seismicity was characterized by daily explosions, long-period earthquakes, and signals indicating emissions. Almost daily gas, steam, and ash plumes were either observed in IG webcam images or described in Washington VAAC volcanic activity notifications; weather clouds often prevented observations of the summit. Ordez J., Vallejo S., Bustillos J., Hall M., Andrade D., Hidalgo S., and Samaniego P., (Document created, December 2013; Accessed online July 2014), Volcan Sangay---Peligros Volcanicos Potenciales, Instituto Geofsico, Escuela Politcnica Nacional (IG-ESPN) (URL: http://www.igepn.edu.ec/volcan-sangay/mapa-de-peligros.html ). Information Contacts: P. Ramn, Instituto Geofsico-Departamento de Geofsica (IG), Escuela Politcnica Nacional, Casilla 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador; Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), Satellite Analysis Branch (SAB), NOAA/NESDIS E/SP23, NOAA Science Center Room 401, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA (URL: http://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/atmosphere/vaac/); Thorsten Boeckel and Martin Rietze, c/o Kermarstr.10, Germerswang, D-82216, Germany (URL: http://www.tboeckel.de/). Continuing ash emissions, lava flows, pyroclastic flows, and lahars through December 2019. No ashfall was reported by residents. NASA's Terra spacecraft shows Sangay Volcano, Ecuador, which erupted in early June, sending lava flows and pyroclastic flows down its southeastern flank. 2008: September The weather was often cloudy, which prevented clear views of the summit crater. Collapses of the lava-flow front generated small pyroclastic flows and numerous block flows; one of the pyroclastic flows traveled 340 m. IG reported that two M2 seismic events, recorded at 0028 and 0116 on 10 May and located 3.5-9 km below Sangays S and W flanks, possibly corresponded to explosive activity. IG reported a high level of activity at Sangay during 10-17 May. IG reported that the eruption at Sangay that began on 8 August ended on 7 December after about four months of activity. The last plume of the month, on 29 November, rose to 6.4 km altitude and drifted 65 km W, dissipating quickly, and was accompanied by a very bright thermal anomaly. The town of Alao (20 km NW) reported on 30 January that all of the vegetation in the region was covered with fine white ash; Cebadas and Palmira also noted minor ashfall (figure 60). The next day an ash plume rose to an altitude of 5.5 km. Ashfall continued to impact multiple communities during 6-7 March. Servicio Nacional de Gestin de Riesgos y Emergencias (SNGRE) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale). The seismic network detected signals indicating descending lahars on 17, 19, and 21 March. The pyroclastic flows were restricted to the ravine on the SE flank, although the ash from the flows rose rapidly and reached about 200 m above the surface of the ravine and also drifted W (figure 77). Sangay is judged in some ways analogous to Tungurahua volcano, because of its chemical composition, and it similar lava rheology and eruptive style of volcanic flows. Hazard modeling and products. Sulfur dioxide based on TROPOMI data ranged from 15.5 tons/day to 2,169 tons/day. A seismic station recorded occasional debris flows during 24-30 March. The earliest report of an eruption was in 1628. Minor ashfall was reported in the local community of Ishupamba (Province of Chimborazo), near the volcano. The volcanoes of Ecuador belong to the Northern Volcanic Zone of the Andes, which is the result of subduction of the Nazca Pacific oceanic plate under the nder the continental plate of South America. Cloud cover prevented views of the volcano though the seismic data suggested that gas-and-ash emissions were produced; ashfall was not reported in towns downwind. (figure 68). During 31 March to 1 April several explosions were detected with incandescent blocks rolling down the flanks of the volcano (figure 134). Images shared by the Red de Observadores Volcnicos (ROVE) (Network of Volcanic Observers) showed gas-and-steam emissions reaching 900-1,000 m above the crater drifting N on 26-27 March. Based on analysis of satellite imagery, information from the Guayaquil MWO, and pilot reports, the Washington VAAC reported that a minor ash plume rose from Sangay on 24 September and drifted WNW. Our previous report on Sangay (BGVN 21:03) described occasional, but sometimes conspicuous, steam and/or ash plumes between January 2004 and January 2006. Ash plumes on most days of the month rose 600-1,200 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Based on pilot reports, the Washington VAAC reported that an eruption from Sangay produced an ash plume on 20 January. The uurco vent continued to emit lava with a maximum apparent temperature of 100 to 210C (figure 50). Sangay is the southernmost active volcano in Ecuador, with confirmed historical eruptions going back to 1628. Two vents were active in the summit area, a central vent and a western vent in a scoria cone. Cloud cover prevented satellite observations of the volcano on all three days. A significant reduction in the flow of the Upano River at the entrance bridge to the city of Macas was reported 9 April, likely due to a new dam on the river upstream from where the Volcan river joins it caused by lahars related to ash emissions and pyroclastic flows (figure 70). Sangay is one of the most active volcanoes in Ecuador, as it has been almost continuously erupting at least since the seventeenth century. Activity during March-November 2016. There were several reports of gas and ash emissions to 1,770 m above the summit the next morning on 9 June, followed by reports of ashfall in the provinces of Guayas, Santa Elena, Los Ros, Morona Santiago, and Chimborazo. Pyroclastic flows descended the flanks during 24-29 November. On 23 February a seismic station on the flank recorded a high-frequency signal typical of lahars. Seismicity was characterized by high levels of explosions, harmonic tremor, long-period earthquakes, and signals indicating emissions. A notable increase in the flow of the Upano River was reported on 4 April 2021 after heavy rains, and vibrations from lahars were recorded 13 times throughout the month. On 24 July, a diffuse ash plume at an altitude of 5.2 km (17,000 ft) a.s.l. The Washington VAAC reported three different directions of drift from the explosion at different altitudes; the lower-level ash was moving NNW at 5.8 km altitude, the mid-level ash was moving W at 7.0 km altitude, and the higher-level ash was moving SW at 9.7 km altitude. A lahar was detected on 9, 10, 13, 14, 19, 21, 27, 28, 29 April, based on seismic signals that IG recorded; two lahars were detected on 15 April and three lahars occurred on 30 April. The top part of the plume dispersed to the E and the rest of the plume went W. Pyroclastic flows were observed descending the SE flank around 1822 (figure 88). Servicio Nacional de Gestin de Riesgos y Emergencias (SNGRE) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale). There was no seismic data available due to technical problems with the station. Staff of the Parque Nacional Sangay observed atypical sedimentation consisting of volcanic material at the confluence of the Upano River and its tributary, the Volcn River, 23 km SE of the summit. IG reported that a new eruption at Sangay began on 7 May and was continuing as of 21 May. 2020: January Ecuador's Instituto Geofsico (IG) issues periodic Special Reports of activity. Settlements on the approach and return included the mountain village St. Eduardo, which they described as ~ 50 km S of Riobamba. Sporadic explosions at Central Crater produced ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted W and SW. MODVOLC thermal alerts on 5, 14, 15, 24, 28, and 30 September indicated continued pulses of thermal activity. Courtesy of Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) Thermal Alerts System. Based on pilot observations, the Washington VAAC reported that an ash plume from Sangay rose to an altitude of 6.7-8.2 km (22,000 to 27,000 ft) a.s.l. | December Strombolian activity at summit vents and SE-descending lava flows were visible during 23-24 November. Thermal anomalies on the flanks were also detected, mostly within 5 km of the summit crater, which possibly corresponded to short-range pyroclastic flows and lava flows. Sources: Instituto Geofsico-Escuela Politcnica Nacional (IG); Servicio Nacional de Gestin de Riesgos y Emergencias (SNGRE); Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC). The current report continues coverage of plume emissions through December 2007. The ash emissions continued to be visible in satellite imagery through 20 August. During the night of 23 August crater incandescence was visible with blocks descending the E flank. Daily ash-and-gas plumes were identified in either or both IG webcam images and satellite images according to the Washington VAAC. During this time, activity was characterized by continuous fumarolic steaming, frequent phreatic explosions, occasional crater glow, and dome rockfalls. The first report of ash detected in satellite imagery on 10 November indicated that the plume extended 25 km WSW at 6.7 km altitude. The Crter Central produced explosive activity which generated small ash emissions that rose up to 3.2 km above the crater and were frequently directed towards the W and SW. Associated with these emissions in early November, ashfall was reported in Chimborazo province and elsewhere, and ejecta from explosions was deposited on all the upper flanks. Edgar Chulde, Quito, Ecuador (Twitter: @EdgarChulde2; URL: https://twitter.com/EdgarChulde2/status/1208547471024173056). In a special report from 3 August, IG reported that a new eruptive phase at Sangay began on 20 July, after 8 months without major surface activity. 2007: January Incandescence at the crater accompanied ash emissions on 15 July (figure 115). and drifting SW. Information Contacts: M. Hall, Escuela Politcnica Nacional, Quito; J. Aucott, British Embassy, Quito. During an overflight on 3 December 2019 a strong smell of sulfur was noted 1 km above the summit. Almost daily gas, steam, and ash plumes were either observed in IG webcam images or described in Washington VAAC volcanic activity notifications; weather clouds often prevented observations of the summit. More often there was ash-filled rain and explosions heard as far as 16 km from the volcano, along with the sounds of lahars generated from the frequent rainfall mobilizing debris from the pyroclastic flows. Source: Instituto Geofsico-Escuela Politcnica Nacional (IG). Ash was not identified in satellite imagery. and drifted S. In a special report from 4 October IG stated that the current eruption at Sangay which began on 20 July continued, and that the activity had not changed significantly during the previous two months. Pilot report; in satellite images a small burst of gas through cloud layers was observed. Wind field data came from the Global Forecast System (NOAA, US National Weather Service, Environment Modeling Center). A similar signal of thermal activity was recorded by the MIROVA system during the same period (figure 24). | December Activity during January-April 2015. There is no Deformation History data available for Sangay. | February Servicio Nacional de Gestin de Riesgos y Emergencias (SNGRE) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale). The imagery showed an initial puff moving NW followed by several smaller puffs. The westernmost vent was filled by a blocky lava dome 15-20 m in diameter, partially covered by ash. The lower part of the plume was the most ash-rich and drifted W, causing significant ashfall in areas W (especially in the Cebadas parish, Guamote district). Moderate ashfall was reported in Zuac on 9 November. A small parasitic cone of approximately 50 m height was recently discovered on the lower E flank. Incandescence at the summit was periodically visible at night. and drifted E. IG reported that at the beginning of March Sangay began a new phase of activity which continued through at least 12 May without significant changes. 5286 m All times are local (unless otherwise noted) Sangay is one of the most active volcanoes in Ecuador with the current eruptive period continuing since 26 March 2019. Sangay (2.00S, 78.34W; 5230 m), located on the eastern edge of the eastern cordillera of Ecuador, is the most active volcano in the Northern Volcanic Zone of the Andes (NVZ; Thorpe et al., 1982; Fig. There is no Emissions History data available for Sangay. | June The remnant calderas are found on the E side of the present cone and are breached E toward the Amazon plain. Minor ashfall was reported in Llagos parish, Chunchi (73 km SW) on 20 June. Sporadic explosions at Central Crater produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km above the crater rim and drifted mainly NE during the previous month. IG reported a high level of activity at Sangay during 24 February-2 March. Sulfur dioxide measurements from TROPOMI data ranged from 19 tons/day to 430 tons/day. Their probable avalanche deposits lie at the E foot of the cone. During an overflight of Sangay on 24 June IG personnel observed that activity was characterized by small explosions from the summit vent and pyroclastic flows down the SE-flank ravine. Weather clouds and rain often prevented visual and webcam observations of the volcano; almost daily lahars were detected by the seismic network. The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography. Based on a pilot report, the Washington VAAC reported that on 23 May an ash plume from Sangay drifted W at an altitude of 7.6 km (25,000 ft) a.s.l. and is located at 2 degrees south, 78.4 degrees west. A faint thermal anomaly was detected the next day. IG reported that a new eruption at Sangay began on 7 May and was continuing as of 3 July. No reports of ashfall were made. An ash plume emitted from Sangay was visible on satellite imagery on 16 October around 0645. and drifted WSW. Activity slightly increased during 11-12 June, characterized by ash-and-gas plumes rising higher (1.5-2.8 km above the crater rim) and drifting farther (over 600 km W and SW), and an increased number of thermal anomalies on the SE flank from intensified lava effusion. An explosion signal was followed by harmonic tremor. Multiple thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images on most days. Incandescent blocks were seen descending the S flank during a break in cloud cover on 4 April. Climber's photo journal. Significant ashfall from the explosion was recorded that day in the Canton of Guamote, moderate ashfall was reported in the Cantons of Chambo, Riobamba, Penipe, and Guano, and traces of ash were reported in Colta, Alaus and Macas (figure 101). They also repeatedly noted two distinct thermal hot spots in satellite data. Andean Ecuadorian landscape, During this time a hotspot was also visible on the satellite imagery. Incandescence at the summit was also visible overnight during 19-20 April. Several plumes were detected hundreds of kilometers from the volcano before dissipating; by December, larger, more frequent pulses of SO2 were measured during many days when ash emissions were reported (figure 56). Incandescence at the summit was visible in webcam images. The Guayaquil MWO indicated that an ash plume rose to an altitude of 6.1 km and drifted W. Based on satellite images and notices from the Guayaquil MWO, the Washington VAAC reported that ash plumes rose to altitudes of 5.8-7 km and drifted as far as 120 km WNW, W, and S. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 29-30 April and on 2 May. The recent activity of El Sangay presents no danger to man. An incandescent flow was observed descending the upper part of the SE flank overnight on 4-5 April (figure 104). Washington VAAC reports for Sangay during August 2011-May 2013. A webcam recorded lava blocks descending the SE flank on 17 February. Ash plumes rose 1 km above the crater rim and caused ashfall in areas to the W and NW (Culebrillas and Licto (35 km NW)). Courtesy HIGP Thermal Alerts System. A new vent appeared on the W side of the summit on 24 November, a new lava flow began on the N flank on 2 December, and lava remained intermittently active in the SE flank ravine throughout the period.
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