Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 19311945, Transaction 2007; Japan Statistical Year-Book, 1949 [etc.]. Discharged during war of 9,693,000 includes 3,798,200 sent on sick leave; 3,614,600 transferred to work in industry, anti-aircraft defense and armed guards; 1,174,600 sent to NKVD troops and organs; 250,400 transferred to Polish, Czechoslovak and Romanian armies; 436,600 imprisoned; 206,000 discharged; and 212,400 not found after deserting, detached from troop convoy or missing in military districts in the interior. Ministero della Difesa Edizioni 1986 (in Italian). Over 6 million Jews were murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators in the Holocaust. The 1939 Population for Germany within 1937 borders, Foreign nationals of German ancestry in the countries of, (1949) The West German Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office)estimated total war dead of 5,483,000; (3,250,000)military; (500,000) civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign; (1,533,000) deaths in the expulsions from Poland and (200,000) victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. (1998) A German demographic study estimated 5,500,000 to 6,900,000 war dead. For the purposes of CWGC the dates of inclusion for Commonwealth War Dead are 3 September 1939 to 31 December 1947. Total casualties were 668,315 including 299,485 dead, 24,010 missing and 344,820 injured. The Austrian government provides the following information on human losses during the rule of the Nazis. Reported deaths for the years 19391945 1,187,783, including: judicial executions 46,350; deaths in Gulag labor camps 718,804; deaths in labor colonies and prisons 422,629. ), The preliminary data for Canadian losses included killed 37,476, missing 1,843, wounded 53,174 and. WebThe Battle of Moscow was a military campaign that consisted of two periods of strategically significant fighting on a 600 km (370 mi) sector of the Eastern Front during World War II, between September 1941 and January 1942. The Auckland War Museum puts the number of World War II dead at 11,671. Updated February 26, 2010", "Tables "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, type of personnel, and theater: 7 December 1941 31 December 1946" through "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, and duty branch: 7 December 1941 31 December 1946", "American Merchant Marine in World War 2", "The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps | Defense Media Network", "NOAA History /NOAA Legacy/NOAA Corps and the Coast and Geodetic Survey", "G.F. Krivosheev. Bilanz der Forschung unter besonderer Bercksichtigung der Wehrmacht- und Vertreibungsverluste, in: Der Zweite Weltkrieg. WebStatistics on how many Russians died in World War Two vary widely. During the Soviet era the partisan campaign behind the lines was portrayed as the struggle of the local population against the German occupation. Not Included in the figure of 210,000 war dead are 70,000 "indirect war casualties", & Jap. Russian sources report 2,164,000 deaths as civilian "forced labor in Germany". 22629, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. Keystone/Getty Images. Nor do the figures include additional deportations after the war). Germany reports. Battle of Stalingrad, (July 17, 1942February 2, 1943), successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd ), Russia, U.S.S.R., during World War II. [248] Since 1990 Russian scholars have been given access to the Soviet-era archives and have published data on the numbers of people executed and those who died in Gulag labor camps and prisons. vs. U.K. and Netherlands 208,026 killed and 139,225 wounded. [Tokyo], 1949, p. 1058, Tables 60809, Annual Changes in Population of Japan Proper 1 October 19201 October 1947, General Headquarters for the Allied Powers Economic and Scientific Section Research and Programs Division. The June 1945 force strength of 12,840,000 included 11,390,600 on active service; 1,046,000 in hospital; and 403,200 in civilian departments. , , ed. Krivosheev maintained that the figure of 8.668 million is correct because it excludes called up reservists that were never inducted, men who were duplicated as conscripts because they were conscripted again into the Soviet army and Navy during the war as territories were being liberated and non-combat related causes. Borneo: 11,300, 6,700, (18,000) in Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union Before 1991. (German government Statistical Office). The Greek government is planning to claim reparations from Germany for war damages. Royal Navy (50,758); British Army (144,079); Royal Air Force (69,606). Bureau odszkodowan wojennych, Statement on war losses and damages of Poland in 19391945. Filimoshin based this figure on sources published in the Soviet era. Mai 1974. A figure of 20 million was considered official during the Soviet era. The statistics tabulated by the CWGC are representative of the number of names commemorated for all servicemen/women of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth and former UKDependencies, whose death was attributable to their war service. Critics of the official figures by the Russian Ministry of Defense base their arguments on self analyses of documents in the Soviet archives and demographic models of the Soviet population during the Stalin era. Large numbers of Soviet soldiers were captured and many perished due to the brutal mistreatment of POWs by the Nazis. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. "Bataan, Corregidor, and the Death March: In Retrospect", "go to note on Polish Casualties by Tadeusz Piotrowski at the bottom of the page", "Victims of the Nazi Regime-Database of Polish citizens repressed under the German Occupation", Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2013-2014, "Michael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War:a note-World War II- Europe Asia Studies, July 1994", "Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes", "Nazi persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War", "The extent of human losses USSR in the Great Patriotic War and Statistical Lynbrinth (in Russian)", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2014-2015, p. 38", "Cyprus Veterans Association World War II", "US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Casualties in World War II", "Mariners in "ocean-going service" during World War II have Veteran Status. The West German government in made a rough estimate in 1956 of 20,000 civilians killed during the 1945 military campaign in current post war German borders, not including the former German territories in Poland. However number of expected voters estimated by ADK the gap between males and females was 21.4million, which approximates the 20.7million gap revealed by the 1959 census. [126] During the Communist era in the Soviet Union historical writing about World War II was subject to censorship and only official approved statistical data was published. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Most of these losses occurred during the Nazi organized flight and evacuation during the war, and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union; they point out that there are 80,522 confirmed deaths in the postwar internment camps. (AP Photo, File) ASSOCIATED PRESS. WebOf the estimated 7085 million deaths attributed to World War II, around 30 million occurred on the Eastern Front, including 9 million children. Daniil Dumenko, 35, who was killed in Ukraine, mourn his death at a ceremony in Volzhsky, outside Volgograd, Russia, on May 26, 2022. 2034The excess deaths of 6,342,000 males compared to females was due primarily to military losses. Forced laborers in Southeast Asia: 70,000, 30,000 interned non-Asian civilians, The number killed in action was 2,303,320; died of wounds, disease or accidents 500,165; 11,000 sentenced to death by court martial; 2,007,571. According to Norwegian government sources the war dead were 10,200. Eng. The death toll attributable to the flight and expulsions was estimated at 2.2million by the West German government in 1958. During the war Soviet civilians were taken to Germany as forced laborers under inhumane conditions.[20][125]. p. 273; Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito, Ishikida, Miki (2005). Albanian official statistics claim somewhat higher losses. Civilians in Navy service 114,493 killed and 1,880 wounded and missing. China (inc. Hong Kong): 435,600, 20,100, (455,700) WebThe Soviet Union and China are believed to have suffered the most total casualties, while an estimated 5,800,000 Poles died, which represents about 20 percent of Polands prewar population. Suchdienstes, 1965. For nations that suffered huge losses such as the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Germany, and Yugoslavia, sources can give only the total estimated population loss caused by the war and a rough estimate of the breakdown of deaths caused by military activity, crimes against humanity and war-related famine. Universe, Inc. (July 13, 2005). During Soviet rule, all information regarding casualties was kept secret, making it hard to find the records today. by Konrad Adenauer. Gruhl estimates POW deaths in Japanese captivity at 331,584. This revised figure was the result of research by the committee set up by Gorbachev that estimated total war dead at between 26 and 27million. Soviet Studies Vol44. The war dead totals listed in the report are based on the research by the CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth war dead. Some sources say that the Soviet Union had over 20,000,000 casualties, both military personnel and civilians, but these figures are under dispute. ), Mnchen: Piper 1989, S. 858873, Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. The Krivosheev study listed 500,000 reservists captured by the enemy after being conscripted but before being taken on strength. Based on the pre-war birth rate, the population shortfall was about 20million births in 1946. [2] According to Russian government figures, USSR losses within postwar borders now stand at 26.6million,[3][4] including 8 to 9million due to famine and disease. WebThe Germans correctly estimated that there were about 150 divisions in the western parts of the U.S.S.R. and reckoned that 50 more might be produced. [16] (1956) A German government study put German air war dead at 635,000; 500,000 killed by allied strategic bombing and 135,000 refugees killed during the evacuations from eastern Europe in 1945. Presse- und Informationsamt. Routledge. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Philippines military losses were 57,000 including 7,000 KIA in 194142 campaign, 8,000 guerrillas KIA 194245 and 42,000 POWs(out of 98,000). vs. United States 485,717 killed and 34,679 wounded. The estimated breakdown for each Soviet republic of total war dead[10]^AY4. Some experts say that Europe's largest conflict since World War II could drag on for years. Bonn 1989 P.53 (38,000 during wartime flight; 5,000 in USSR as forced labor and 160,000 in internment camps), The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, pp. The local, According to an official U.S. report during the. About 4,200,000 Germans died, and about 1,972,000 Japanese died. Thailand: 6,900, 100, (7,000) The extensive fighting destroyed agricultural land, infrastructure, and whole towns, leaving much of the population homeless and without food. According to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare 65,000 soldiers and civilians were killed in the 1945 military campaign against the Soviet Union. 9.0 million civilians killed over age 5 and a deficit of 6.0 million children under age 5 not born during the war or died during the war. Total military dead for the United Kingdom alone (according to preliminary 1945 figures): 264,443. There were 3,000 civilian deaths in Allied air raids including 1,400 in the bombing of Sofia. [454] In some cases this figure was potentially even higher, up to 80% in the Philippines[455] and a staggering 97% in New Guinea.[456]. Krasnoiarskii gos. The breakout by service is as follows: Army 318,274 (234,874 battle, 83,400 nonbattle). Soviet Union - Andreev worked in the Department of Demography Research Institute of the Central Statistical Bureau (now the Research Institute of Statistics of Federal State Statistical Service of Russia). Japan Proper: 58,100, 45,800, (103,900) In addition 2,000 Danish volunteers were killed serving in the German military. [254] Rosefielde maintains that the data from the Soviet archives is incomplete; for example, he pointed out that the figures do not include the 22,000 victims of the Katyn massacre. [1] Deaths directly caused by the war (including military and civilian fatalities) are estimated at 5056million, with an additional estimated 1928million deaths from war-related disease and famine. I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot Oxford Companion to World WarII Oxford, 2005; Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p.78 (available online at. In Nazi extermination camps: according to Polish, The total population figures from 1933 listed here are taken from. 4, Prague p. 57, Urlanis, Boris (1971). Malaya & Singapore: 8,500, 2,900, (11,400) Documents from the Soviet archives number the total deaths of prisoners in the. Dieter Pohl, Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 19331945, WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), 2003; Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk. A million at most had been released, most of whom were so-called volunteers (Hilfswillige) for (often compulsory) auxiliary service in the Wehrmacht. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. The Survey believes the dead at Hiroshima to have been between 70,000 and 80,000, with an equal number injured; at Nagasaki over 35,000 dead and somewhat more than that injured seems the most plausible estimate. WebWorld War II losses of the Soviet Union were about 27,000,000, both civilian and military from all war-related causes, [1] although exact figures are disputed. Daniil Dumenko, 35, who was killed in Ukraine, mourn his death at a ceremony in Volzhsky, outside Volgograd, Russia, on May 26, 2022. About 4,200,000 Germans died, and about 1,972,000 Japanese died. [11] An estimated 7-10 million people died in the Dutch, British, French and US colonies in South and Southeast Asia, mostly from war-related famine.[12][13][14][15][16]. The authors maintain that both Stalin and Hitler "were both responsible but in different ways" for these deaths. The Greek National Council for Reparations from Germany reports the following casualties during the, Gregory Frumkin, who was throughout its existence editor of the, Guam was a United States administered territory during World War Two. Christian Streit: Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen, 19411945, Bonn: Dietz (3. The Japanese government figures for POW deaths are not in agreement with Soviet figures. Guo Rugui, editor-in-chief Huang Yuzhang Jiangsu People's Publishing House, 2005; Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 19311945 Transaction 2007, Gregory Frumkin. 33 Swedish sailors were killed when submarine HMS Ulven was sunk by a German mine on April 16, 1943. Rybakovsky acknowledged that the components used to compute losses are uncertain and disputed. Commissariato generale C.G.V. A discussion of the famine in Java during 194445, leads Pierre van der Eng to conclude that 2.4million Indonesians perished. Saint-Petersburg, 1995. WebWorld War II casualties of the Soviet Union from all related causes were over 20,000,000, both civilians and military, although the statistics vary to a great extent largely because these figures are currently disputed. (AP Photo, File) ASSOCIATED PRESS. Military dead were estimated with Soviet forces at 10,000 and 15,000 with German. Military casualties include deaths of regular military forces from combat as well as non-combat causes. Only rough estimates are available for each group. [45] Sources published outside of Russia put total POW dead at 3.0million. [243] There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the Japanese due to famine and disease. Burma (inc. India): 163,000, 1,500, (164,500) 3133 (figure includes 170,000 German Jews). The Soviet defensive effort frustrated Hitler 's attack on Moscow, the capital and largest city of the Soviet Union. The deaths of 2,663,000 women is an indication that they were involved in the partisan war and became victims of Nazi reprisals. .: , 1996. [74], In 2000, S. N. Mikhalev[75] published a study of Soviet casualties. universitet (Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University). Figures do not include an estimated 20million children not born because the war depressed fertility/birth rates. WebThe Battle of Moscow was a military campaign that consisted of two periods of strategically significant fighting on a 600 km (370 mi) sector of the Eastern Front during World War II, between September 1941 and January 1942. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissensch: Rdiger Overmans. Ein Wrterbuch zur Zeitgeschichte. There were 1,536 deaths among the 13,996 interned civilians in 194245. Over 6 million Jews were murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators in the Holocaust. The U.S. Bureau of the Census noted that the official Yugoslav government figure of 1.7million war dead was overstated because it "was released soon after the war and was estimated without the benefit of a postwar census". Krivosheev maintains that this figure based on German sources includes civilian personnel that were not included in the reports of the Army and Navy field forces. In all, the scale of human losses during World War II was vast. Merchant Mariners killed in World War II are listed by USMM.org. Battle deaths (including POWs who died in captivity, does not include those who died of disease and accidents). The Battle of Stalingrad was a brutal military campaign between Russian forces and those of Nazi Germany and the Axis powers during World War II. Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. pp. His critics maintain that he underestimated the number of missing in action and POW deaths[54][55] and deaths of service personnel in rear area hospitals. [264] These figures (cited below) are based on necessarily rough estimates".[210]. Darski and T. L. Kharkova ("ADK") authored The Population of the Soviet Union 19221991, which was published by the Russian Academy of Science in 1993. The U.S. Bureau of the Census published a report in 1954 that concluded that Yugoslav war-related deaths were 1,067,000. The additions were the annexation of the, Estimates in the west for the population transfers differ. Mikhalev disputed Krivosheev's figure of 8.7 million military war dead, he put Soviet military dead at more than 10.9 million persons based on his analysis of those conscripted. The Battle of Stalingrad, with its five months of fierce fighting, began exactly 80 years ago, on Aug. 23, 1942. Vietnamese sources put the number of deaths during the 194445 famine in North Vietnam at between 1 and 2million. [258] In 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,000. By the end of 1941, epidemics (especially typhoid and dysentery) emerged as the main cause of death. WebAccording to the latest statements that Russian authorities officially acknowledge, overall losses (both among soldiers and civilians) amounted to 26,6 million people. Plans, directives, orders of the military-political leadership of Nazi Germany for the occupation of the USSR", " - ", " ", " (19441956 . The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available. [121] Earl F. Ziemke maintained high Soviet losses can be attributed to 'less efficient medical services and the Soviet tactics, which throughout the war tended to be expensive in terms of human life"[122], Russian scholars attribute the high civilian death toll to the Nazi Generalplan Ost which treated Soviet peoples as "subhumans", they use the terms "genocide" and "premeditated extermination" when referring to civilian losses in the occupied USSR. The number of civilian deaths in China alone might well be more than 50,000,000. An estimated total of 7085 million people perished, or about 3% of the 2.3 billion (est.) 10 Countries With The Highest World War II Fatalities Soviet Union - 24,000,000 China - 19,500,000 Germany - 7,700,000 Poland - 5,600,000 Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) - 3,500,000 Japan - 2,850,000 India - 2,087,000 French Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) - 1,250,000 Yugoslavia - 1,000,000 Romania - 833,000 1. While the Nazi Party's own SS forces (in particular the SS-Totenkopfverbnde, Einsatzgruppen and Waffen-SS) of Nazi Germany was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of the Holocaust, the regular armed forces represented by the Wehrmacht committed war crimes of their own, particularly on the Eastern Front in the war against the Soviet Union. (2005) The German government issued a report listing total war dead of 7,375,800 (3,100,000 soldiers killed; 1,200,000 soldiers missing; 500,000 civilians killed in bombing raids; 2,251,500 civilian victims of expulsions and deportations; 24,300 Austrian civilians killed and 300,000 victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. Operation Barbarossa, during World War II, code name for the German invasion of the Soviet Union, which was launched on June 22, 1941. During World War II, 14,059 American POWs died in enemy captivity throughout the war (12,935 held by Japan and 1,124 held by Germany). Civilian losses were due to the sinking of the. Military war dead reported by Rdiger Overmans of 261,000 are included with Germany. In a May 1990 speech, Gorbachev gave the figure for total Soviet losses at "almost 27 million". Baranowski, Shelley (2010). The schedule below summarizes Soviet casualties from 1941 to 1945. Philippines: 377,500, 121,100, (498,600) However, at least one historian has compared the 1943 famine there to the, The war dead of 11,907 listed here are those reported by the, The preliminary 1945 data for South African losses was killed 6,840, missing 1,841 wounded 14,363 and, This territory includes areas now known as the. Estonian State Commission on Examination of Policies of Repression;The White Book: Losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes. Edited by Executive Office of the Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office. In: Wolfgang Benz (Hg. In all, the scale of human losses during World War II was vast. [4][5][2] In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated Poland's dead at between 5.6 and 5.8 million. by Michael Berenbaum New York University Press 1990; Niewyk, Donald L. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000; Timothy Snyder, Bloodlands, Basic Books 2010, pp. Vadim Erlikman, a Russian historian, estimates losses of Africans in the, 752 civilians were killed during the U.S. air attacks on. Military deaths included: 108 dead in the. In German Armed Forces 700[97], Polish losses during the Soviet occupation (19391941). which are attributed to an increase in natural deaths from 1940 to 1945 and 1,650 foreign nationals killed while serving in the [136][137] Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, estimated Soviet war losses at between 24.5 and 27.4million, including 7.5million military dead. [247] The Stalin regime deported the entire populations of ethnic minorities considered to be potentially disloyal. (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), Ishikida, Miki (2005). Schoenberg, Germans from the East: A Study of their migration, resettlement and subsequent group history, since 1945, Springer London, Limited, 1970; Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgemann, Ernest A. Menze, Anchor Atlas of World History, Vol. Operation Barbarossa, during World War II, code name for the German invasion of the Soviet Union, which was launched on June 22, 1941. Il'Enkov maintained that the information in the Russian Military Archives alphabetical card-indexes "is a priceless treasure of history, which can assist in resolving the problems of the price of Soviet victory"[10] Il'Enkov maintained it could provide an accurate accounting of war losses. ): Legenden, Lgen, Vorurteile. [197][198], The following figures are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. There were additional casualties in 193940, which totaled 136,945: There were 4,500 military deaths with the all Spanish. 105657, Table 607. [601] It is claimed by the website sovsekretno.ru that there are no Memory Books published in the USSR, Russia and the other contemporary republics in the 80s and 90s listing casualties of 25 percent of the draft or less, but there are many Memory Books with 50 per cent and more with some telling us of a 70, 75, 76 and up to 79 per cent mortality rate among the conscripted. Krasnoiarskii gos. U.S. The casualties listed here include 19 to 25million war-related famine deaths in the USSR, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and India that are often omitted from other compilations of World War II casualties.[19][20]. (the figures of 2.8 million Jews and 3.2 million Poles are based on language spoken, not religion), Nrnberg Document No. The Americans accidentally bombed neutral Switzerland during the war causing civilian casualties. In 2017, the Russian historian Igor Ivlev put Soviet war dead at 42million people (19.4million military and 22.6million civilians). Casualties in 193940 include the following dead and missing: The number of wounded includes 2,576,000 permanently disabled. ), (1945) The casualty figures compiled by the. 1-Summary Report (July 1946) Total civilian casualties in Japan, as a result of 9 months of air attack, including those from the atomic bombs, were approximately 806,000. Both the Allies and Japanese also conscripted civilians to work as laborers and porters. Andreev EM; Darsky LE; Kharkova TL, Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes. In October 1941 alone, almost 5,000 Soviet POWs died each day. E.M. Andreev, L.E. (1.5million in prewar 1937 Germany, (1958) A West German government demographic study estimated 2,225,000 civilians died during the flight during the war, post war expulsions and the, (1965), The search service of the German churches and Red Cross was able to confirm 473,013 civilian deaths in eastern Europe due to the expulsions, broken out as follows: 367,392 Poland (in post war borders); 18,889, (1966) The West German Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims issued a statement that put the number of expulsion dead at 2,111,000 (1,225,000 Germany in 1937 borders, (1985) A demographic analysis which has the support of the German government, estimated 2,020,000 civilians died during the post war expulsions and the, The German government currently maintains that 2.0million civilians perished in the flight and expulsion from Eastern Europe. The Russian Academy of Science article by M.V. With an introd. In October 1941 alone, almost 5,000 Soviet POWs died each day. 15", "Figures were compiled by the Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964", American Historical Association: Lessons from Iwo Jima footnote 1, "Reports of General MacArthur. Gunn, Geoffrey (2011) "The Great Vietnamese Famine of 194445 Revisited", The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, p. 78. 994,300, Russian sources list 7.420million civilians killed in the war, including the. They place the ultimate blame for the mass flight and expulsion on the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe. A total of 2,419 American civilian internees were listed as dead and missing. The statistic of 8.668 million military dead includes only the combat related deaths of the forces in the field units of the Army and Navy[b] and does not include civilian support forces in rear areas, conscripted reservists killed before being listed on active strength, militia units, and Soviet partisan dead, Krivosheev maintained that they should be included with civilian war losses.[36]. Long after the war, a myth persisted claiming the German military (or Wehrmacht) was not involved in the Holocaust and other crimes associated with Nazi genocidal policy. Aufl., 1. The details of these losses are as follows: 199,000 in. ), Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Lithuanian civilian war dead in 194145 at 345,000 (25,000 in military operations; 230,000 executed, 15,000 in Germany and 75,000 due to hunger and disease. [475], 2-United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Medical Division (1947) The bombing of Japan killed 333,000 civilians and injured 473,000. The German economist. [12] Some Russian scholars put the total number of losses in the war, both civilian and military, at over 40million. S. A. Il'Enkov, an official at the Russian Military Archives, maintained that the "complex military situation at the front did not always allow for the conduct of a full accounting of losses, especially in the first years of the war". Warsaw 1966, Ruas, scar Vasconcelos, "Relatrio 194647", AHU, Urlanis, Boris (1971). [72] In addition to the German-held POW Romania captured 82,090 Soviet POWs, 5,221 died, 3,331 escaped, and 13,682 were released [73] Finland captured 64,188 Soviet POWs, at least 18,318 were documented to have died in Finnish prisoner of war camps. A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis. According to Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, the population of the territories annexed by the USSR was 23million less the net population transfers out of 3million persons who emigrated from the USSR including 2,136,000 Poles who left the USSR; 115,000 Polish soldiers of the, Polish sources put the number of refugees from the.
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