Children younger than 1 year and under 20 pounds must be in a rear-facing car seat. Children 1 through 3 years and over 20 pounds require a car seat. Official websites use .govA .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Drivers who don't follow the rules may face stiff penalties. an approved booster seat secured with an adult lap-sash seatbelt. , Footnote 21 In Utah, the court shall waive the fine for a first violation of the child safety seat law if the violator submits proof of acquisition of a device, effective May 28, 2018. Rear-Facing Infant or Convertible Seat. After growing out of a booster seat, all children must still wear seat belts until they are at least 16 years old. The crash death rate among 7-year-olds was 25% lower for children in states with booster seat laws covering 7-year-olds compared with states without booster seat laws covering 7-year-olds. According to combined data from 20152019:10, Studies also indicate that children in rural areas are more likely to be incorrectly restrained than children in urban areas.8,13, Alcohol-impaired driving is a major threat to all road users, including child passengers.1,14,15, Restraint use among children is associated with their drivers seat belt use.1,58,1621. Correct use of a child restraint system appropriate for a childs age and sizesaves lives. Children must use a rear-facing car seat if they are under 2 years or until they outgrow the manufacturers height and weight recommendations. Children 4 through 7 years and more than 40 pounds and over 57 inches should use a booster seat. Home SecurityInternet SecurityHome SafetyFamily SafetySenior Safety, Car SafetySmart HomeEmergency PrepPet SafetyPersonal Safety. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Eichelberger AH, Chouinard AO, Jermakian JS. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. A correctly-used seat belt may be substituted for children younger than age 8 who are at least 4'9" tall. Adult seat belts are allowed for children starting at age 8 or 57 inches. Of the children who died in motor vehicle crashes in 2011, 33% were not buckled up, Child safety seat use reduced the risk for death to infants (aged <1 year) by 71% and to toddlers (aged 14 years) by 54% in passenger vehicles. Volvo states that this method of attachment has been available to Volvo and child restraint manufacturers in countries outside the U.S. for many . Pediatrics 2011;127(4). 2013. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Children 1 through 3 years and over 20 pounds require a car seat. Child Restraint. , Footnote 15 In Nevada, the minimum fine is $100. Children ages 4 through 7 and between 40 and 80 pounds and under 57 inches tall must be in a car seat or booster seat. No matter where you live, we recommend following proven safety standards like those set by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Children under 1 year must be in a rear-facing car seat. Seat belt use reduces the risk for death and serious injury by about half for older children and adults. This type of restraint should also be used as long as possible, up to the height or weight limit of the child restraint. NHTSA provides the following recommendations for the selection of proper child restraints: Use the interactive chart to compare the prevalence of child occupant deaths and observed child restraint use. Compared to the World, National Safety Council (NSC) position statement on child restraints, Motor Vehicle Fatality Disparities by Race or Ethnic Origin. DOT HS 813 344), Factors Associated With Unrestrained Young Passengers in Motor Vehicle Crashes, Association between driver and child passenger restraint: Analysis of community-based observational survey data from 2005 to 2019, Fatal Pediatric Motor Vehicle Crashes on U.S. Children younger than age 2 must be secured in a rear-facing car seat until the child outgrows the maximum weight and height limits of the car seat as designated by the car seat manufacturer. Among the 197 child passengers (ages 812) for which restraint status was known, 79 (40%) were unrestrained. Proper seat belt fit for children using booster seats or the seat belt alone. Adult seat belts are allowed at 8 years old; children between 40 and 80 pounds can use adult seat belts with no shoulder straps. Never place a rear-facing car seat in the front seat. The Guide to Community Preventive Services (The Community Guide). Children 8 years and younger must use a child safety restraint. In 2017 some 20.8% of children 4 to 7 were restrained using seat belts . Participating organizations received training and materials and implemented several of the program elements, including parent gatherings to distribute information on child safety and correct child safety seat installation, press conferences, and safety seat clinics to test the installation, distribute, and approve child safety seats. 1. NHTSA estimates that correctly used child restraints are even more effective than seat belts in reducing fatalities to children. , Footnote 11 In Indiana, children weighing more than 40 pounds are permitted to be restrained by a lap belt if the vehicle is not equipped with lap and shoulder belts or if all lap and shoulder belts other than those in the front seat are being used to restrain other children younger than 16. However, 2017 NSUBS data show that many children are moving into seat belts much earlier than recommended. Your arms aren't capable of holding your in-lap child securely, especially during unexpected turbulence, which is the number one cause of pediatric injuries on an airplane. NHTSA recommends children 4- to 7-years-old use. The use of child restraints while not in motor vehicles, such as in travel stroller systems, for sleeping, or transporting a child outside the vehicle. A literal interpretation of the code would allow a child 9+ years or older who is not taller than 4 feet 9 inches to ride unrestrained in the back seat. Sign up to get the latest family safety tips and reviews on products like kids smartwatches and car seats. Children 0 through 7 years and less than 57 inches tall require a child safety restraint. Footnote 1 This state assesses points for violations. Make sure the lap belt is across the upper thighs (not the stomach) and that the shoulder belt is across the center of the shoulder and chest (not across the neck or face, and not off the shoulder). Children under 1 year and under 20 pounds must use a rear-facing car seat. *SafeWise has conducted impartial research to recommend products. Best Medical Alert Systems for Fall Detection, How to Keep Grandma and Grandpa Safe Online. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimates that car seats reduce the risk of fatal injury by 71% for infants (younger than 1 year old) and by . 2 In California, children weighing more than 40 pounds may be belted without a booster seat if they are seated in the rear seat of a vehicle with only lap belts. Alaska Children under 1 year or less than 20 pounds must be in a rear-facing car seat. Children aged 4 years and up to 7 years must be in an approved child restraint that is either: forward-facing with a built-in harness that is properly fastened and adjusted. Home | Family Safety | What Are the Child Safety Seat Laws in Each State? Roehler DR, Elliott MR, Quinlan KP, Zonfrillo MR. Benedetti M, Klinich KD, Manary MA, Flannagan CA. Children more than 40 pounds and under 57 inches tall must use a booster seat. References Risk Factors for Child Passengers Age Restraint use (like car seat, booster seat, or seat belt use) varies by age. Overview. Children 0 through 7 years and under 57 inches tall require a car seat. Age-appropriate restraint use typically decreases as children get older. Children 1 through 3 years or 20 to 39 pounds require a forward-facing car seat. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Transportation; Traffic Safety Facts: 2012 Children; 2014. Children 5 years and younger require a child safety restraint. For light-truck occupants, seat belts reduce the risk of fatal injury by 60% and moderate-to-critical injury by 65%. Children 1 through 7 years and over 20 pounds must be in a car seat or booster seat. No matter where you live, keeping your little ones safe is a top priority. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product. Receive email updates about the latest in Safety, Innovation, and Infrastructure. Motor vehicle-related injury prevention: Use of child safety seats; 2014. Children under eight years old must be properly secured in a weight-appropriate child passenger restraint system. Stage 1. Adult seat belts are allowed at 7 years old. Adult seat belts are allowed for children more than 80 pounds, or if their knees bend over the edge of the seat when sitting straight up against the back of the seat. , Footnote 5 In Delaware, there is a $25 fine for a second or subsequent offense, but on first offense, law enforcement shall provide a referral to the Office of Highway Safety car seat fitting station for guidance and education regarding proper use of a child restraint. When children outgrow their rear-facing car seat, they should be buckled in a forward-facing car seat with a harness and a top tether, in the back seat. * On this webpage, child passenger refers to any child who was killed in a traffic crash as a passenger vehicle occupant. Adult seat belts are allowed at 8 years old or more than 57 inches tall. The CDC Parents Are the Key to Safe Teen Drivers campaign helps parents, pediatricians, and communities keep teen drivers safe on the road. The risk of death for infants is reduced by 70%, and that for children aged 1-4 years by 47-54%. Motor-Vehicle Deaths in the U.S. You can find her expert advice and analysis in places like NPR, TechCrunch, The Washington Post, The Chicago Tribune, The Miami Herald, HGTV, MSN, Reader's Digest, Real Simple, and an ever-growing library of podcast, radio and TV clips in the US and abroad. Children 0 through 6 years and less than 57 inches tall require a child safety restraint. Of children aged under 5 years, 485 lives could have been . Remember: laws can change frequently, so its a good idea to regularly check with your local DMV to make sure youre abiding by current child safety restraint standards. In a crash, the airbag will hit the back of the child seat with . Booster seat use reduces the risk for serious injury by 45% for children aged 48 years when compared with seat belt use alone (Arbogast et al, 2009). S15.1.2.1 The lower anchorages shall consist of two bars that (a) Are 6 mm .1 mm in diameter; (b) Are straight, horizontal and transverse; 2. The rate of children who sustained fatal or incapacitating injuries decreased by 17% in these states. Installed car seats should move no more than one inch from front-to-back and from side-to-side at the belt path. Adult seat belts are allowed for children ages 8 through 12 or at least 57 inches tall. The harness: must be at or below shoulder level; must have straps that fit snugly; and must be clipped at armpit level. CDC provides guidance to ensure children are properly buckled in a car seat, booster seat, or seat beltwhichever is appropriate for their age, weight, and height. SafeWise experts have years of firsthand experience testing the products we recommend. Children 4 through 7 years should use a car seat or booster seat. 34% of Black children, 17% of Hispanic children, and 8% of White children ages 47 years were not buckled up, according to a study in 2019 where researchers observed children riding in cars. Stat. Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Devices to Prevent Leaving Kids in the Car, New Child Passenger Safety Seat Guidance Advises Kids to Ride Rear-Facing as Long as Possible; Drops Age Criterion, Seat Belt Laws & Car Seat Recommendations, Until 2 years and outgrown car seats height and weight limits, Until 1 years and outgrown car seats height and weight limits. Corazn de mi vida child passenger safety campaign. Children age 5 must use a booster seat. All front seat passengers must buckle up, regardless of age. Children 3 years and younger must be in a car seat. For babies (under 2 years), therefore, you must purchase a CHILD ticket. Children 0 through 7 years and less than 80 pounds or 57 inches tall must use a car seat. Restraint use typically decreases as children get older. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Transportation; Traffic Safety Facts: 2012 Occupant Protection; 2014. Most kids need to ride in a booster seat from about age four until ages 10 to 12 years. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A seat belt fits properly when the lap belt is across the upper thighs (not the stomach) and the shoulder belt is across the center of the shoulder and chest (not across the neck or face, and not off the shoulder). , Footnote 17 In Ohio, the law is secondary for children 4 14. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) is an independent, nonprofit scientific and educational organization dedicated to reducing deaths, injuries and property damage from motor vehicle crashes through research and evaluation and through education of consumers, policymakers and safety professionals. Children under age 1 should always ride in a rear-facing car seat. Some child passenger safety technicians (CPSTs) receive additional training to provide education and assistance for transporting children with special needs. Booster seat: Kids too big for child restraints should use belt-positioning booster seats until adult belts fit right. However, if the driver is a minor, all passengers under 19 years old must wear proper seat belts. Booster seat: After outgrowing their forward-facing car seat and until the seat belt fits properly. Both organizations are wholly supported by these auto insurers and insurance associations. Eichelberger AH, Chouinard AO, Jermakian JS. Hafner JW, Kok SJ, Wang H, Wren DL, Aitken ME, Miller BK, Anderson BL, Monroe KW. A multistate study using data from car seat check events found that child restraint misuse was more common in rural locations (91%) than in urban locations (83%). Always make sure that older children who use booster seats or seat belts are buckled with. The child restraint law is primary enforcement no other violation need be committed prior to ticketing for failure to have a child in an approved seat. , Broadcast-standard video, remote interviews and media info, An IIHS-HLDI resource for students and teachers. Children 0 through 3 years and less than 40 inches tall require a child safety restraint. Child passenger deaths: NSC analysis of NHTSA Fatal Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data. Children less than 1 year or under 20 pounds must be in a rear-facing car seat. Bachman SL, Salzman GA, Burke RV, Arbogast H, Ruiz P, Upperman JS. Adult seat belts are allowed for children at 8 years old; children ages 4 through 7 and more than 80 pounds or 57 inches tall may also use adult seat belts. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Read theNational Safety Council (NSC) position statement on child restraints, which addresses child passenger safety among multiple modes of transportation. DOT HS 813 033), Restraint use in motor vehicle crash fatalities in children 0 year to 9 years old, Child passenger safety practices in the U.S.: disparities in light of updated recommendations, Child Restraint Use and Driver Screening in Fatal Crashes Involving Drugs and Alcohol, Factors Associated With Child Restraint Use in Motor Vehicle Crashes, Trends in pediatric passenger restraint use by rurality and age in Iowa, 20062019, Vital Signs: Restraint Use and Motor Vehicle Occupant Death Rates Among Children Aged 012 years United States, 20022011, Urban and rural child deaths from motor vehicle crashes: United States, 2015-2019. CDC twenty four seven. The American Academy of Pediatrics healthychildren.org site provides information for parents on types of child restraints and their proper use. Venkatraman V, Richard CM, Magee K, Johnson K. West BA, Dorigo LL, Mattick KA, Yellman MA, Sauber-Schatz EK. *Amazon.com price as of post date. In 2020, 607 child passengers* ages 12 and younger were killed in motor vehicle crashes in the United States,1and more than 63,000 were injured.2Of the children who were killed in a crash, 38% were not buckled up.1Parents and caregivers can make a lifesaving difference by ensuring that their children are properly buckled on every trip. Whenever children are in a car, they must be safely buckled up in child car seats that are correct for each child's age and size. It depends on the proportions of your child's body, the shape of the vehicle seat, and where the seat belts are attached to the vehicle. Zaza S, Sleet DA, Thompson RS, Sosin DM, Bolen JC; Task Force on Community Preventive Services. What is a Panic Pendant and How Does it Work? When are car seats required in Nevada? Children 1 through 5 years require a car seat. , Footnote 13 Drivers in Massachusetts may be fined $25 for violating the belt law themselves and $25 for each unrestrained passenger age 12, 13, 14 or 15 years old. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. A second . Farmer P, Howard A, Rothman L, Macpherson A. Mannix R, Fleegler E, Meehan WP III, Schutzman SA, Hennelly K, Nigrovic L, Lee LK. The term child restraint system comprises not only car seats but also booster seats and seat belts (safety belts).. NRS 484B.157 also states that children under 2 years old must be in a rear . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Washington, DC: NHTSA, U.S. Arbogast KB, Jermakian JS, Kallan MJ, Durbin DR. For infants and toddlers in light trucks, the corresponding reductions are 58% and 59%, respectively. A harness chest clip that is at the childs armpit level. 1996-2023, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Highway Loss Data Institute, 501(c)(3) organizations | Copyright information and privacy policy, these auto insurers and insurance associations, yes; effective 12/09/99 (secondary for rear seat occupants; effective 9/1/19), younger than 1 or less than 20 pounds in a rear-facing child restraint; 1 through 4 years or 20 - 40 pounds in a forward-facing child restraint; 5 but not yet 6 in a booster seat, younger than 1 or less than 20 pounds in a rear-facing child restraint; 1 through 3 years and more than 20 pounds in a child restraint, 4 through 15 years who are either shorter than 57 inches or who weigh more than 20 but less than 65 pounds in a booster, 4 through 7 years who are at least 57 inches or 65+ pounds; 7 through 15 who are shorter than 57 inches or weigh less than 65 pounds, 8+ years in front seat; 8 through 15 in all seats, 4 years and younger; children 5 through 7 who are 57 inches or shorter, 5 through 7 who are taller than 57 inches, 5 years and younger and less than 60 pounds, younger than 2 years and less than 40 pounds and less than 40 inches in a rear-facing infant seat; 7 years and younger who are less than 57 inches must be in an appropriate child passenger restraint system, children 7 years and younger who are less than 57 inches must be in the rear seat, younger than 1 year and less than 20 pounds in a rear-facing child restraint; 1 through 3 years and 20-40 pounds in a child restraint; 4 through 7 years in a booster seat, 1 year and younger and less than 20 pounds must be in the rear seat if available, yes; effective 01/01/86 (secondary for rear seat occupants > 16, effective 10/1/2021), younger than 2 years or less than 30 pounds in a rear-facing child restraint; 2-4 years or between 30-40 pounds in a forward or rear-facing child restraint; 5-7 years or between 40-60 pounds in a forward or rear-facing child restraint or a booster seat secured with a lap and shoulder belt, younger than 2 years and less than 30 pounds must be in a rear-facing seat with a 5-point harness; younger than 4 years and less than 40 pounds in either a forward or rear-facing seat with a 5-point harness; 4 through 15 in a booster based upon manufacturer's guidelines or a seatbelt, children who have reached the upper height and weight limits per the manufacturer's guidelines of a belt position booster seat through age 15, children 11 years and younger and 65 inches or less must be in rear seat if passenger airbag is active, younger than 2 years must be in a rear-facing child restraint unless the child weighs 40 or more pounds or is 40 or more inches tall; 3 years and younger in a child restraint; 4 years through 7 years must be in a child restraint or booster seat, 6+ years in front seat; 6 through 17 years in all seats, 8 through 17 years in all seats; 18+ years in front seat, 7 years and younger and 57 inches or less, 7 years and younger must be in rear seat if available, younger than 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint; 2 through 3 years in a forward or rear-facing child restraint; 4 through 6 years in a passenger restraint system with harness or booster seat; 7 through 9, who are shorter than four feet and nine inches in height, in a passenger restraint system with harness or booster seat, 7 through 9 years who are taller than 4 feet and 9 inches, younger than 2 years must be in a rear-facing child restraint unless the child weighs 40 or more pounds or is 40 or more inches tall; 7 years and younger, 8 through 15 years; children who weigh more than 40 pounds seated in the rear where only a lap belt is available, younger than 1 year and less than 20 pounds in a rear-facing child restraint; 1 through 5 years in a child restraint or a booster seat, yes; effective 6/10/10 (secondary for rear seat occupants >18), $60/no court costs: 14 -17 years; $30/no court costs: 18+ years, all children 3 and younger must be in a child restraint; children 4 through 7 who weigh less than 80 pounds and children 4 through 7 who are less than 57 inches tall must be in a child restraint or booster seat, all children 8 through 13 years; children 4 through 7 years who weigh more than 80 pounds, and children 4 through 7 years who are taller than 57 inches, 7 and younger and more than 57 inches in all seats; 8+ in all seats, 40 inches or less in a child restraint; 7 and younger who are between 40 and 57 inches tall in a booster seat, younger than 2 years and until reaching the weight or height limit as set by the manufacturer must be in a rear-facing system; at least 2 through 3 years and until reaching the weight or height limit as set by the manufacturer must be in a forward-facing restraint; at least 4 years through 8 years or until reaching the weight or height limit as set by the manufacturer must be in a booster, 9 through 17 years; children who have outgrown the height or weight limits of the child booster seat as set by the manufacturer, 12 and younger must be in the rear seat if available, younger than 2 years, or until exceeding manufacturers recommended weight or height limit, in a rear-facing restraint system; 2 years and older and less than 55 pounds in a child restraint system with an internal harness in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions; children less than 80 pounds who are shorter than 57 inches and less than 8 years in a booster, 17 and younger who are taller than 57 inches or heavier than 80 pounds, 11 years and younger and less than 100 pounds must be in rear seat if available, yes; effective 10/01/97 (secondary for rear seat occupants; effective 10/01/13), younger than 2 years in a rear-facing child safety seat until the child reaches the weight or height limit specified by the manufacturer; 7 years and younger and less than 57 inches, 8 through 15 years; children who are at least 57 inches, 7 years and younger and less than 57 inches, 8 through 12 years; children who are at least 57 inches tall, 8 through 15 years; children who are at least 57 inches tall, 3 years and younger must be in the rear seat if available, 3 years and younger must be in a child restraint; 4 through 6 years and either less than 57 inches or less than 65 pounds must be in a booster seat, 6 years and younger who either weigh 65 pounds or more or who are 57 inches or taller, all children who are 3 years and younger and all children who weigh less than 40 pounds must be in a child restraint; 4 through 7 years who weigh at least 40 pounds but less than 80 pounds and who are 4'9" or shorter must be in either a child restraint or booster seat; children 4 years and older who weigh at least 80 pounds or who are at least 4 feet and 9 inches tall must be in either a booster seat or safety belt, all children 8 through 16 years; all children 4 years and older who weigh 80 pounds or more or who are taller than 4'9", $50; $10 for violations involving children taller than 4'9" or who weigh 80 pounds or more, younger than 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint or until the child outgrows the maximum allowable height or weight as prescribed by the manufacturer; 7 years and younger in a child safety seat, children 7 and younger must be in rear seat if available, younger than 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint; 5 years and younger and less than 57 inches in a child restraint system, children 2 years and younger must be in a rear seat if available; front seat permissible only with written physician certification and a deactivated passenger airbag, 6 years and younger who are less than 57 inches, 7 through 17 years; younger than 7 who are at least 57 inches tall, yes; effective 05/01/00 (secondary for rear seat occupants; effective 1/20/11), 7 years and younger and more than 57 inches; 8+ in all seats, younger than 2 years and less than 30 pounds in a rear-facing infant seat; younger than 4 years and less than 40 pounds in a rear-facing child safety seat until a child outgrows the manufacturers top height or weight recommendations or in a forward-facing child safety seat; younger than 8 years and less than 57 inches in a forward-facing child safety seat until a child outgrows the manufacturers top height or weight recommendations or booster seat, children 7 years and younger and less than 57 inches must be in the rear seat if available, no child shall be secured in a rear facing infant seat in a front seat of any motor vehicle which is equipped with a passenger-side airbag that is not disabled, younger than 1 year in a rear-facing child restraint; 1 through 4 years or less than 40 pounds in a child restraint; 5 through 6 or less than 60 pounds in a booster seat, children younger than one year in a rear-facing child restraint must be in the rear seat if available, younger than 2 years or until a child outgrows the manufacturer's top height or weight recommendations in a rear-facing child restraint; younger than 4 years unless they weigh more than 40 pounds and are seated where there is no available lap/shoulder belt; 4 through 7 years unless they are seated where there is no available lap/shoulder belt, 8 through 15 years; children who weigh more than 40 pounds or children 4 through 7 years in a seating position where there is no available lap/shoulder belt, yes; effective 12/01/06 (secondary for rear seat occupants), 7 years and younger and less than 80 pounds, 8 through 15 years + children 40-80 pounds in seats without shoulder belts, children 4 years and younger who weigh less than 40 pounds must be in the rear seat unless the front passenger airbag is deactivated or the restraint is designed for use with airbags, 18+ years in all seats (effective 08/01/23), 8 through 17 years; 7 years and younger and at least 57 inches, 8 through 14 in all seats; 15+ years in front seat, 3 years and younger or less than 40 pounds in child restraint; 4 through 7 years who weigh 40 pounds or more and who are shorter than 57 inches in a child restraint or booster seat, younger than 2 years or until a child outgrows the manufacturer's top height or weight recommendations in a rear-facing child restraint; younger than 4 years in a child restraint; 4 through 7 years, if not taller than 4 feet 9 inches, in a child restraint or booster seat, 8 years; children who are taller than 4 feet 9 inches, younger than 2 years must be in a rear facing child restraint; 7 or younger: 40 pounds or less must be in a child restraint; more than 40 pounds but 4 feet and 9 inches or less must be in a booster seat, taller than 4 feet and 9 inches; 8 through 15, younger than 2 years in a rear facing child restraint until a child outgrows the manufacturers top height or weight recommendations; 2 through 3 years in a forward-facing child safety seat; 4 through 7 years in a booster seat, younger than 2 years or less than 30 pounds must be in a rear-facing child restraint; 7 years and younger and less than 57 inches and less than 80 pounds, 7 years and younger who either weigh 80 pounds or more or who are at least 57 inches tall; 8 through 17, younger than 2 years in rear-facing child restraint until exceeding manufacturer height/weight limit; children younger than 2 who outgrow rear-facing system and children 2 and older must be in forward-facing restraint with harness until exceeding manufacturer height/weight limit; children 4 and older who outgrow forward-facing child restraint must be in belt positioning booster using lap/shoulder belts until child is at least 8 years or at least 57 inches, 8 years or at least 57 inches tall if (1) lap belt fits across hips and thighs, not abdomen (2) shoulder belt crosses center of chest and not neck (3) knees bend over seat edge when sitting up straight with his/her back firmly against seat back, 7 years and younger must be in the rear seat if available, 4 years and younger and less than 40 pounds, 5 through 17 years; all children 40+ pounds, regardless of age, younger than 1 year or 20 pounds or less in a rear-facing child restraint; 1 through 3 years and 20+ pounds in a forward-facing child restraint; 4 through 8 years and less than 4'9" in a booster seat, 9 through 15 years or any child 12 or younger who is 4'9" or taller, children 8 years and younger and less than 4'9" must be in rear seat if available; rear seat recommended for children 9 through 12, 7 years and younger who are 57 inches or taller; 8+ years in all seats, 7 years and younger and shorter than 57 inches, 8 through 15 years; all children 57 inches or taller, younger than 1 year or less than 20 pounds in a rear-facing child restraint; 1 through 7 and more than 20 pounds in a child restraint or booster seat, 8 through 17 years and more than 20 pounds, children 1 year and younger or less than 20 pounds must be in the rear seat unless the front passenger airbag is deactivated, younger than 2 years in a rear-facing child restraint or until the child reaches the minimum weight limit for a forward facing child safety seat as prescribed by the manufacturer; 7 years and younger in a child safety seat, children in rear-facing devices must be in a rear seat if available; if not available, they may be placed in front only if front passenger airbag is deactivated, younger than 2 years must be in a rear-facing system until the child reaches the weight or height limit as set by the manufacturer; younger than 4 who are not required to be rear-facing must be properly secured in a child restraint system that is forward-facing and has a harness until the child reaches the set weight or height limits; older than 4 and shorter than four feet nine inches must be in a booster seat, all children who are taller than 49 and younger than 16; 4 and older if in a seating position where there is only a lap belt available, 12 years and younger must be in rear seat if practical, 8+ years in front seat; 8 through 17 years in all seats, children younger than 1 and all children who weigh less than 20 pounds are required to be in a rear-facing child restraint; children 1 through 3 years who weigh at least 20 pounds but less than 40 pounds are required to be in a rear-facing or a forward-facing child restraint; children 4 through 7 who both weigh at least 40 pounds but less than 80 pounds and who are less than 57 inches tall are required to be in a forward-facing child restraint or booster seat, 8 years and younger and more than 80 pounds and 57 inches or taller, children 3 and younger must be in a rear seat, if available, children 8 years and younger must be in the rear seat if available.
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child restraint seats must be used:
